Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE
(ISSN 1009-3095, Monthly)
2005 Vol. 6B No. 6 p.483-490
Firmness evaluation of melon using its vibration characteristic and finite element analysis
NOURAIN Jamal1,2, YING Yi-bin†1, WANG Jian-ping1, RAO Xiu-qin1, YU Chao-gang1
(1Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Automation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China)
(2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sinnar University, Sudan)
†E-mail: ybying@zju.edu.cn
Received Nov. 9, 2004; revision accepted Jan. 20, 2005
Abstract: The “Huang gua” melons were measured for their physical properties including firmness and static elastic modulus. The vibrational characteristics of fruits and vegetables are governed by their elastic modulus (firmness), mass, and geometry. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate firmness of fruits and vegetables based on their vibrational characteristics. Analysis of the vibration responses of a fruit is suggested for measuring elastic properties (Firmness) non-destructively. The impulse response method is often used to measure firmness of fruits. The fruit was excited using three types of balls (wooden, steel and rubber) and the vibration is detected by an accelerometer. The Instron device was used to measure the static elastic modulus of the inner, middle and outer portions of melon flesh. Finite element (FE) technique was used to determine the optimum excitation location of the chosen measurement sensor and to analyze the mode shape fruits. Four types of mode shapes (torsional or flexural mode shape, first-type, second-type spherical mode and breathing mode shape) were found. Finite element simulation results agreed well with experimental results. Correlation between the firmness and resonant frequency (r2=0.91) and between the resonant frequency and stiffness factor (r2=0.74) existed. The optimum location and suitable direction for excitation and response measurement on the fruit were suggested.
Key words: Melon, Sensing, Finite element, Experimental modal analysis, Firmness
doi:10.1631/jzus.2005.B0483 CLC number: O42